Posts Tagged ‘hens’

Your Favourite Blogs — and Mine — in 2011!

Friday, January 6th, 2012

My first post on New Year’s Day this year celebrated the ban on barren battery hen cages in the European Union. On January 1, 2012 it became illegal to keep chickens in these cages. But be assured, our work doesn’t stop there; far from it! Now we focus even more intently on other areas of factory farming in Europe and internationally. Our aim for this year is to take the fight against factory farming to new audiences across the world.

Based on the number of visits made last year to A Compassionate World, two of the three most popular blogs were about chickens.

The most popular, ‘Have you seen the news?’ celebrated the historic agreement reached in the USA that could see an end to the barren battery cage there.

‘Why is animal welfare of any importance?’ was the second most popular blog. Here, I explained why Compassion is concerned with farmed animals. It isn’t just because of their welfare. It’s also because factory farming is a wastefully inefficient way of producing food and it harms the environment.

Coming in third place was ‘Reflections on a cage ban’ where I made the link between the EU barren cage ban and the ex-battery hens adopted by my wife Helen and I.

Philip's Hen

Huckle

‘Back at home, our new hen nestles into a bed of straw,’ I wrote. ‘It’s the first time she has ever made a nest. She lays an egg. I can see the difference made to the life of this one sensitive creature. How wondrous then that, from 1st January next year, the tireless efforts of compassionate people everywhere will have touched the lives of so many millions more.’

Another chicken related topic I wrote about was our Good Farm Animal Welfare Awards. This included the Good Egg Award given to companies that pledge to use or sell only cage-free eggs.
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McDonald’s USA behind the times

Wednesday, January 4th, 2012

In 2008, Compassion recognised McDonald’s with a Good Egg Award for committing to source only cage-free eggs for all their European outlets by 2012. The number of chickens set to benefit annually from this policy is 400,000.

Regrettably, McDonald’s in the USA appears not to be keeping up with their European counterparts.

A recent undercover investigation by Mercy for Animals (MfA) documented shocking animal cruelty at the farms of one of the suppliers to McDonald’s in the USA.

Hidden-camera footage detailed hens crammed into filthy wire cages unable to stretch their wings. Investigators caught on tape workers burning off the beaks of young chicks without any painkiller and then callously throwing them into cages. The bodies of decomposing hens were found alongside hens still laying eggs for human consumption.

Compassion applauds McDonald’s in Europe for their enlightened animal welfare policies. But we condemn the treatment of chickens in the USA as documented by Mercy for Animals.

We will work with MfA and other American animal protection organisations as well as McDonald’s USA to ensure they implement the same animal welfare policies as their European colleagues. It’s encouraging to see McDonald’s recognise the issues raised by MfA’s investigation. It said the video documented behaviour which was ‘disturbing and completely unacceptable’ and dropped the company as one of its egg suppliers.

Living with hens – Part VI

Tuesday, January 3rd, 2012

Living with hens has helped me appreciate them more. To understand their complex behaviours. To see that what happens to them matters to them. To realise just how much it means to them to feel the dust under their feathers, the sun on their wings, and the soil beneath their feet. It has given me an even greater sense of the deprivation and suffering inherent in cage-farming of hens. It burns my heart and offends my intellect to realise that two in every three hens farmed commercially in the world live their lives in cages. Devoid of the stimulations for which they have come to need through millions of years of evolution.

It’s getting better in Europe, with the recent ban on barren battery cages. But remaining is the travesty of the so-called “enriched” cage; bigger cages with woefully designed objects at best offering a pallid version of what hens really need to carry out their natural behaviour. It’s almost as if a scientist looked at individual behaviours in isolation and oversimplified them to the point of meaninglessness. Then along came a penny-pinching engineer with a fraction of the budget needed to deliver. The result falls well short of what is needed; a crude obtusity of a system in place of a true solution. Thankfully, food companies big and small, together with consumers are seeing through this illusion and are choosing cage-free eggs; better all round for the welfare of the hens and the quality of the resulting food.

When I’m with my hens, I find no need to be anthropomorphic; to project human feelings to animals. To me, watching hens for any length of time makes it obvious that they are neither human nor automata. They are sentient creatures that can feel pain, suffering and well-being, whose needs and wants we deny to the impoverishment of the very soul of our society. Alternatively, we can let them live how they are meant to live; and rejoice at the better world it creates for us all.

You can read previous instalments of ‘Living with hens’ here: Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V.

Living with hens – Part V

Tuesday, December 27th, 2011

Most days are punctuated by triumphant clucks and staccato crows that follow the laying of an egg. Almost without exception, our hens lay in the straw-lined nest compartment in the coop. Apart from mid-winter, we’ve been blessed with two or more eggs a day from our four hens. Their breeding has programmed them to lay around 300 eggs a year; quite a feat when you consider that their wild ancestors would probably lay 5-6 eggs in a clutch before incubating them when breeding. The physical strain of such a high productivity can be immense. In the barren battery cage, the twin effect of not being able to exercise and the high calcium demands of profuse egg laying mean that osteoporosis and brittle bones afflicts all caged hens, leading to huge suffering. Our hens, along with their free range cousins, are of course free to exercise, something vital to both their behavioural well-being and their health.

Battery eggs from caged hens would have unappetisingly pale yolks if it wasn’t for the chemical colourant incorporated into their monotonous food ration. By contrast, our hens need no such artificial props to help them produce healthy-looking eggs. They have deep ochre or orange-coloured yolks that reflect the variety of their diet. At regular intervals, my wife Helen boxes up the eggs and distributes them amongst eager neighbours, friends and family. With yolks flavoured and coloured by the hens’ varied endeavour, we are now well used to getting comments back telling us that our hens lay the best eggs tasted; better even than commercial free range eggs!

Most of our eggs are given to people in our local community. Our son, Luke, enjoys one or two at the weekend for his breakfast. From time to time, Helen will have a bake-fest, resulting in the freezer being stuffed full of quiches and bakes of every description.

Helen’s mum, Anna Roberts, is now in her eighties. In the 1960s, Anna and her dairy farmer husband, Peter, set up Compassion in World Farming to campaign against the tide of factory farming that was sweeping the agricultural landscape. When three small girls were tucked up in bed, Anna and Peter would be in the back room of their country cottage churning out the latest campaign literature calling for a fair deal for hens and other farm animals. It seems that hens have a special place in Anna’s heart. And wanting to see them out of battery cages was a big motivation for their work. Encouraging people to choose free range eggs instead of eating the product of the battery was a big part of her life.

A decade into the 21st Century, Anna has little appetite and eats like a garden sparrow. There is one exception; when we prepare one of Helen’s home-laid egg quiches. Here, Anna seems to rediscover her appetite, eating every last crumb! It is wonderful to see her enjoying a good meal, particularly provided by our hens. It is a fitting way for them to give something back for all the hard work and sacrifice during those earlier years. Days when speaking out for farm animals was often seen as a cranky eccentricity; a far cry from the mainstream concern of consumers, companies and legislators that it now is, at least, in Europe. Without doubt, Anna has laid the foundations on which the modern movement for farm animal welfare is built; testimony to a compassionate heart, a strong will and a far-reaching vision of how the world should be.

You can read previous instalments of ‘Living with hens’ here: Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV.

Living with hens – Part IV

Wednesday, October 12th, 2011

Philip's hens
Hens have the endearing habit of taking themselves off to bed, or ‘roost’ as it is commonly known. It’s a deeply engrained survival instinct; getting up high at night and out of the way of predators. Our four adopted hens, Hetty, Henna, Honey and Hope, have a ladder-like ramp in their coop, which leads to a raised area with plenty of perching space. When dusk sets in, one by one, they will carefully and deliberately climb the ramp with all the concentration of someone elderly negotiating a challenging set of stairs. It’s a behaviour I watched most clearly in a beautiful male Golden Pheasant in Norfolk some years ago; he cautiously climbed a bushy tree to roost, carefully negotiating each successful level until high enough to feel safe. With eyes set more to the side of their heads, rather than forward looking as in humans, and unaided by artificial light, the caution of birds ungainly in flight seems well placed.

Hetty would more often than not try roosting in the nest; a deep straw-lined compartment on the upper level of the coop adjacent to the roosting perch. This wasn’t something we wanted to encourage for fear of a fouled nest come daybreak. Consistent coaching has trained her that the perch is where she should rather be. In winter, it helps having them together so that they can benefit from their combined body heat.

When the new day dawns, our flock has a loosely identifiable routine; when released from the safety of their coop – all important protection at night from the foxes that now seem to camp out in the street – they run and flap, sometimes half flying, toward the ‘plain’, a flat raised area that used to be a flower bed. Here, they’ll scratch and peck; picking up scraps left for the wild birds, as well as spilt sunflower seeds, pieces of fat flung by squabbling Starlings, and any natural bounty they can uncover.

Next, they’ll explore under the thick cover of the Rhododendron scrub; their favourite haunt when it rains, as the broad leaves shelter the busy hens beneath them. They’ll then move to what we call ‘The Avenue’; a tunnel formed of arched hawthorns and viburnum. Log-stump stepping stones were once surrounded by bluebells here. When the hens arrived, the bluebells quickly disappeared. Now, they are criss-crossed by sprawling ivy and are often hid by soil and sediment scattered by enquiring hens’ feet.

Once the garden is scoured, it’s often time to dustbathe. Favourite venues for this essential activity are the half barrel that houses a splendid Bhutan pine; the other a wooden rectangular planter on the patio filled with soft compost and threatened plants. The hens will settle down into the soil or compost where they will lie on one side and use jerky, ecstatic shuffles to flick the ‘dust’ between their feathers. The purpose of this ritual is to help maintain their feathers in tip-top condition. Unlike human hair that continually grows, a bird’s feathers are replaced by a process of moulting, which usually takes place but once a year. Worn or damaged feathers are not usually replaced until the moult. Looking after them is therefore an important preoccupation for any bird.

Sunny days will often see the hens lying on their side in the sun, stretching a wing and taking on an ecstatically crazed expression with eyes bulging. I have watched Robins and Blackbirds too, sunbathing during lazy summer days. Watching it reminds me of a study visit I undertook to a new and innovative commercial hen-farm in the Netherlands. The system is designed to achieve high standards of bird welfare by encouraging natural behaviours, including dustbathing and sunbathing. Indeed, during the visit I saw quite a few sunbathing hens in this chicken city which housed 30,000 birds. I remember being somewhat surprised when our host told us that animal behaviour scientists had been out to evaluate this new housing system and that they hadn’t seen sunbathing hens before! They needed to go away and look up a reference for what they were observing! It made me think how far removed we’ve come from understanding basic animal behaviours, much as a result of farming’s quest for greater productivity and intensity. It also convinced me that anyone working in the field of animal science or animal welfare as an expert would most likely benefit from living and caring for hens. It would surely be a valuable real world complement to any long academic study. It would enable them to see the birds behaving in their more natural environment, rather than simply seeing the limited and institutionalised version so common on commercial farms.

Living with hens – Part III

Wednesday, October 5th, 2011

Each hen is an individual with her own perceptible character, habits and preferences. This is something I’ve come to appreciate afresh by living with our four adopted hens, Hetty, Henna, Honey and Hope. Hetty rules the roost. She is larger than the rest and more richly resplendent with the reds, browns and rusty hues of her breed. She is unsurprisingly the most independent of the flock; self-assured but not too deferential or attentive to her human carers.

Hope, the second of the original three hens, has a face that seems older than her physical years. Her eyes are lined by the hen equivalent of bags and the feathers atop her head are sparser, making her look a bit bald. She is the most timid and often the first to take herself off to roost at night. Her interest in the tasty kitchen scraps we offer is much less magnetic than her fellows. Whilst the other hens can be easily lured to the coop with bread or lettuce, Hope will often watch from the safety of the Rhododendrons; needing further coaxing; gentle guiding by ‘Basil’, our trusty broom.

Henna and Honey are the two more newly adopted hens. Both have been debeaked; their beaks cut back with a hot blade or infra-red beam when they were chicks. It’s a mutilation carried out to prevent crowded hens pecking and injuring each other. It’s largely unnecessary with good husbandry. Henna, so-called because of her hair-dye dark colouration, has a beak that has regrown unevenly, crossing toward the tip. Both birds are inquisitive and, despite the brutality of their early days, are attentive and quick to sprint the length of the garden as soon as my wife, Helen, or I appear at the back door. A similar greeting now awaits our neighbours when they come through the back gate. Yes, it’s cupboard love! But when the scraps are all pecked up, Henna and Honey will often stay with us, gently pecking at our shoes and clothing. They seem intently interested by our presence. This is the time when I sometimes lift Henna up and hold her in my arms. She’ll make quiet, contented noises, and snuggle down with eyes gently closed, tugging at my jumper as if rearranging her nest.

Honey has big eyes and the shortest finch-like beak. Combined with her light yellow plumage, she has an alert, naive, slightly surprised expression. Honey is perhaps the fondest of bread. She needs no second bidding to peck furiously at slices or chunks held within her reach. One day after Helen had been particularly busy cleaning the house top to bottom, she came down stairs to find Honey in the kitchen, no doubt looking for bread or other enticing treats. She had been dust-bathing before coming into the house and shook like a wet dog, showering the only-just-cleaned floor with a thin layer of compost!

Watching their individual characteristics and behaviours has helped me gain a greater understanding of their needs and the sentience of animals; that they can feel pain and suffer and, if we let them, experience a sense of well-being. It has deepened my commitment to speak up for their welfare. To make sure that animal welfare really does get recognised as a key issue of social justice as well as to a fair and sustainable society. The way we treat farm animals on our factory farms is a travesty of our time. My determined aim is to see an end to factory farming, typified by the cruel icon of hens crammed for life into tiny cages. I want to see an end to the unimaginable suffering of factory farming, and soon. It is not only cruel, but also threatens our environment, public health and the ability of future generations to feed themselves. A huge thank you to all those supporters of Compassion’s campaigns; together, we will end factory farming and leave a better world for future generations.

Philip's hens

Living with hens – Part II

Wednesday, September 28th, 2011

Our garden is geared toward wild birds; the planting and the array of food is aimed at attracting the maximum number of species. Sunflower hearts scattered liberally and in feeders; fat blocks with insects embedded; tiny black, thistle-like nijer seeds for goldfinches; whole peanuts in wire baskets for Nuthatches and titmice. Each day, our avian visitors are noted in our logbook and compared to previous years. My wife, Helen, keeps up the notes with an enthusiasm that matches my own. Nineteen species in a day is the record so far.

As well as those seen in the garden, we also religiously record those flying over. Our adopted hens have proved remarkably reliable at recognising some. A sudden run for cover will usually indicate a Sparrowhawk overhead. A frozen alert posture with a descending, throaty ‘churr’ often indicates a distant Buzzard. The sound is uncannily difficult to place, which I guess is part of their anti-predator technique. Woodpigeons aren’t always welcome and are often seen off, reminding me of the local sparrows that chase seemingly bemused Collared Doves as if birds of prey.

For years, I’ve tried to gently discourage the local cat population from our garden. Not through any dislike of cats themselves, but out of simple concern for the birds that now congregate in our responsibility. We’ve tried harmless deterrents, both low and high-tech; from making whooshing sounds to expensive sonic devices that emit a noise imperceptible to the human ear but fabled to keep cats away; all with limited success. Then along came Hetty, Hazy and Hope. And ever since, the cats have given our garden a wide berth! I’d heard that poultry manure acts as a deterrent. But weary with failure, I’d been too sceptical to try it. But having the hens, and their little parcels deposited around, seems to have done just the trick!

Besides birds, we also record other garden wildlife; hedgehog, frogs, toads, various types of butterfly. Our list of non-avian visitors had one conspicuous absence; fox. Until about a week after the hens arrived. Our deterrent challenge is now not with our neighbourly cats, but with our new rusty-coloured visitors of the night. Now, our sonic deterrents are brown-coloured instead of green and apparently tuned to a fox’s ear. They were installed last winter at strategic entry points.

One of our original three adopted hens, Hazy, succumbed to peritonitis, despite a £176 vet’s bill. This left Hetty and Hope. I was concerned that two hens might not be enough to keep each other warm during the bitter winter nights. So, from the same farm came a particularly dark hen, which we named Henna, and a noticeably lightish-yellow one, we called Honey. It took a week for the pecking order to re-establish and for life in the coop to settle down.

One particularly cold late afternoon in January, all four were out busily working the garden as usual. They would quietly scratch with each foot in turn, before peering at what they’d exposed; poking and bolting down any tasty morsels so discovered. This scene has been repeated day in, day out since they arrived.

An otherwise uneventful afternoon was changed when Helen and I heard an unmistakeable alarm call. Not a collective panicked rush, but the sharp first calls that alert the flock to something awry. It was a sound I’d come to recognise during my childhood years when my Mother and I kept bantams, like miniature laying hens. From time to time, their small size would see them stalked by a local cat. The call would prelude an explosion of wings followed by me knocking on neighbours’ doors asking for our bantams back! Hearing that sound again had me rushing at the window. A winter-emboldened fox was creeping up on our flock. The window was flung open, a loud outburst ensued with much waving of arms, before I flew down the stairs, burst through the back door and out to the fractious scene. By now, our visitor was making off with Honey, our light coloured hen. My usual love of foxes was momentarily replaced with a frantic urgency. I ran at the now startled interloper who tried to jump the six foot fence at the bottom of our garden to no avail, ducked into the rhododendrons, circled the garden and made its way up and over our neighbour’s shed; all with me in hot pursuit!

With the rush over, I turned to looking for Honey, inevitably dead or fatally wounded. The surviving hens had taken refuge by the house. They were stood flicking and shaking their heads in the way hens do when stressed. I counted them; one was by the gate, number two by the table, a third by the backdoor… and the fourth? Apparently on top of the upturned wellington boots! How could that be? Surely one is laying dead or dying, probably under the bushes. I steadied myself, focused and counted again, this time trying to recognise each one individually; one, two, three and, to my huge relief…. four! There was Honey standing atop the boots as large as life and seemingly in not too many pieces! I scooped her up and checked for what must surely be appalling injuries. To my surprise, her only wound was to her leg, bleeding a bit but otherwise unharmed. Helen used her nurse’s training to good effect; patching up the wound with our First Aid kit. Leg lightly strapped, Honey was released seemingly unphased by her drama. She quickly joined the others, almost indignant at having been kept from the essential business of scratch and search. We thought she must surely come top of the pecking order, in recognition for having survived a fox attack with such apparent nonchalance!

Living with hens (part I)

Wednesday, September 21st, 2011

It’s been a year since our first hens arrived. We had been talking about adopting some ex-egg laying hens for a while. And in a peak of enthusiasm, my then fiancée, now wife, Helen and I chose a coop, built it from flat pack to would-be hen palace and stood it in the garden like expectant parents. We agreed that it would be some weeks or months before we were likely to acquire our intended charges. But the lengthy gestation was not to be.

Days later, I arrived home after a particularly taxing Board meeting. I went into the garden to sit and relax with a cool drink. Lost in thought, I was quickly called back by a soft, rising “boourgh”; the unmistakable sound of an enquiring hen!

Helen was buying straw at a local farm when the shop assistant asked if she knew anyone looking for ‘end-of-lay’ hens. They were going for slaughter in two weeks otherwise; a fate met by most commercially-farmed hens in the UK after their first year of egg-laying. Needing no second bidding, Helen sought a large cardboard box, punched some holes, and in went three hens to be called Hetty, Hazy and Hope.

Each one was soon sporting a colour leg ring for identification and scratching busily in their pen. We had to shut them in for the first few days to help settle them to their new home. It helped to avoid any repeat of their first day when they tried ranging our neighbours’ gardens!

When the settling days were over, our three hens burst out, running and flapping excitedly to the task of rearranging our garden’s carefully tended flowerbeds. Their search for tasty seeds, herbs and grubs led them to be indiscriminate in what they dug up, including any bulbs and small bedding plants not already firmly fixed by age or design. Luckily, we planned our garden with wildlife in mind; a profusion of flowering bushes and trees to blend our fenced outdoor space with the oak wood behind. The bushes provide welcome overhead cover to the hens whose ancestral memory still recalls the jungles of Asia from where their descendents came centuries ago. It also helped to cushion the impact of those six little feet that set about tilling our soil better than ever before!

Watching them made it so apparent how greatly they value being able to scratch and forage; to feel the soil under their feet. Ever busy, they would cover the entire garden like a hunting dog working a wood.

Our hens like to eat the sunflower hearts put out for the wild birds. But their real favourite foods include cooked peas, sweetcorn, lettuce and over-ripe cherry tomatoes. Their sometimes expensive tastes are shown as they scrabble with great gusto for pine nuts! Bread has become a favourite; white, wholemeal, of any description, so long as it’s soft. They are a joy to watch. The most fun though is watching them go potty for spaghetti; we’re convinced they think it’s worms!

Flickr

Caged laying hensNocton bus advertisementLabel Rouge broiler chickens of both sexSow and piglets foraging and one piglet sucklingCute lambs running and jumpingMontbeliard cows on pasturePhilip at FAIBarren veal calf pensFace of sow in barren pen with piglets behind

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