Posts Tagged ‘sustainability’

The Key to Success

Thursday, May 27th, 2010

I’m convinced the key to success in our campaign to end factory farming by 2050 is to involve as many people and as many organisations as possible. Because there are many good reasons why factory farming should be stopped (e.g. animal cruelty, unhealthy food, environmental damage, food security, economic inefficiency and world hunger), there is room for everyone to make a difference regardless of their reason why.

This is why I believe our role at Compassion is to empower people and facilitate progress for positive change for farmed animals. My job is to inspire others like you to act because, frankly, Compassion, on our own, will not achieve the objectives we all wish to see. We must build the broadest of coalitions and the most far-reaching of initiatives to put an end to our present wasteful food culture which has, at its rotten heart, factory faming.

This point was brought home to me recently when I read the report, Plea for Sustainable Livestock Farming, signed by more than 100 professors from Dutch Universities. I was particularly fascinated by the diversity of academic expertise they represented, from environmental science to rural sociology, from Christian philosophy to journalism. Such a broad range demonstrated the wide cross-section of interests united in opposing factory farming. Their recommendations complemented the conclusions we made in our report, Eating the Planet, co-produced with Friends of the Earth. We are now working with the Dutch scholars to take this important initiative to an international audience of academics.

I firmly believe factory farming cannot sustain itself economically. It consumes a far greater proportion of crops, water and other finite resources than it produces benefit – in the form of food for human consumption. Currently, one third of the world’s cereal crop goes to feed the 60 billion or more farm animals reared every year to produce meat, eggs and dairy products – the majority of them on factory farms. This grain drain together with the climate change consequences of the livestock sector – producing one in five tonnes of total human-induced greenhouse gas emissions – is why leading commentators are increasingly encouraging society to consider eating less meat, dairy and egg products. And why Compassion is advocating a less is more approach; less but higher quality, higher welfare meat consumption as a key factor in building a humane and sustainable food future.

To make sure the supply for higher welfare products meets the demand, our Good Egg Awards, for example, encourages public sector authorities and commercial companies to switch to higher welfare products – cage-free eggs. In the three years of the programme so far, we have celebrated such diverse enterprises as Shropshire County Council, Sainsbury’s, the Tate gallery and Hellmann’s for going cage-free on their eggs, and bringing real benefit to 20 million hens every year as a result. This helps increase demand for cage-free eggs and in turn helps support the EU-wide ban on battery cages due to take place in 2012. In my view, involving companies and local authorities in the trend toward a better food system without factory farming is key.

Encouraging evidence of this gathering trend in ethical consumerism was provided by a recent survey published by the food industry research group, Mintel. “The animal welfare factor,” Mintel states, “has been helped by campaigning by celebrity chefs, such as Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall and Jamie Oliver, who have raised awareness of poultry and pork farming practices.” Compassion is proud to work in partnership with Hugh on his Chicken Out! campaign.

Whether it’s because you oppose animal cruelty, don’t want to eat unwholesome food, care about environmental damage, concerned with food security, alarmed at economic inefficiency or outraged by world hunger – you have a vital and unique role to play to end factory farming by 2050. I promise you Compassion will be with you at every step of the way as we turn the key to success together.

Putting factory farming out to graze

Monday, May 24th, 2010

As the battle against factory farming intensifies, the debates will sharpen between those who believe in the industrial grain-fed, animal confinement industry and those who believe, as we do, that a vision of a humane and sustainable future will manifest in the pasture-raising of animals.

With a third of the world’s grain harvest already being fed to farm animals worldwide, most of them factory farmed, it is clear that industrial animal agriculture is not only about animal welfare, but also about huge wastage of essential food. Especially when we realise that animals waste protein rather than make it. In other words, on average, grain-fed animals use six tonnes of feed to produce one tonne of meat. When it comes to soya, the majority of global production is used to feed farm animals. The environmental and food waste consequences are significant. As Alex Renton recently put it in The Times newspaper, “Cheap, soya-fattened, highly processed animal protein, shipped across the world, does far more damage than a steak from the grass-reared herd on a traditional farm a few miles from your local butcher.”.

There are those who will try to assert that animals are better off indoors, kept intensively on an industrial farm, than outside on pasture. This, of course, is nonsense. There is a half-way house, and that is keeping animals in more environmentally enriched systems and more extensive systems indoors. For example, chickens reared to the RSPCA’s indoor extensive standards, where the birds are given more space, a better environment and are not pushed to grow so fast to the detriment of their bodies. And then there is the absolute prerequisite for good welfare on any farm, and that is that animals are properly looked after in well managed farming systems if they are to thrive.

However, that animals do well outdoors is well described. One of the best analyses I’ve seen on this subject recently was published by two ranchers, Bill Niman and Nicolette Hahn Niman, from California, USA, in an article entitled, ‘For animals, grass each day keeps doctors away‘. Packed with facts and figures, the article can be summed up by the quote, “fortunately for farm animals, farmers, and consumers, the overwhelming body of scientific evidence confirms what common sense already tells us: animals are happier and healthier when raised with sunshine, fresh air, and grass, and given the opportunity to exercise. Not surprisingly, animals raised on pasture also produce healthier and safer (not to mention tastier) food.”.

The big question is, however, can humane farming feed the world? Compassion and Friends of the Earth have looked into this and the answer in our recent report, ‘Eating the planet?‘, thankfully, is a resounding “yes”. And not only is it possible, but if we are to save the world from severe food and resource issues in coming years, and end the tide of suffering prevalent in factory farming, we need to move to humane and sustainable farming, the kind based on the land rather than resource-intensive industrial agriculture.

Never before has human well-being and environmental sustainability been so linked to the way we treat farm animals. For all our sakes, it’s time to put factory farming out to graze.

The Road to Change

Friday, May 21st, 2010

Travelling to Oxfordshire recently, I heard an interview with Sir Paul McCartney on Radio 4’s Today programme about his Meatless Mondays campaign. The former Beatle, who is used to being at the top of the music charts, is number one in an entirely different league. Paul’s essay, “Meat Free Monday,” is the most popular download from Ether Books, the publisher of essays for iPhones.

This was encouraging news, I thought, as it was yet another indicator of the public’s interest in ethically-sourced food.

It just so happened that I was on my way to the Food Animal Initiative (FAI) Farms in Wytham, Oxfordshire. I wanted to learn more about their research into commercial farming systems which feature animal welfare as a key value along with environmental protection and consumer affordability. The animals at FAI Farms are free range and include chickens, laying hens, sheep, pigs and cows. The 1,050 acres (425ha) are farmed organically. FAI Farms is a commercial venture which collaborates with Oxford University’s Department of Zoology and enjoys the financial support of such leading food companies as McDonald’s and Tesco.

On my way home I reflected upon how far we’ve come. I was encouraged by what I saw at FAI Farms. I was impressed by how they work with like-minded farmers throughout Europe. They’re developing a network of progressive farmers who are influencing the European Union and its agricultural practices.

Then, I thought, there are other developments which also play significant roles in exposing how intensive factory farming practices are not only cruel but also harmful to the environment and contribute toward unhealthy diets. There’s Lord Stern, author of the government’s influential report on the economic impact of global warming, who urged people to eat less meat. There’s the report, “Livestock’s Long Shadow” from the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, which documents the adverse impact of livestock production on the environment. There’s our own report co-produced with Friends of the Earth, “Eating the Planet”, which showed how we can feed the world without factory farming. Then, I was reminded of The Lancet and its study which showed that reducing adult consumption of animal products by 30 per cent leads to a 15 per cent reduction in heart disease in the UK alone.

These reports – and not forgetting FAI Farms and their development of alternative high welfare farming methods – are helping people to make lifestyle choices like those inspired by Paul McCartney’s Meatless Mondays campaign. For example, in April Cape Town became the first city in Africa to officially endorse one meat-free day a week. The campaign by Compassion in World Farming (South Africa) was unanimously endorsed by the city’s Health Portfolio Committee. Tozie Zokufa, our South African representative, said “It is a triumph. We started negotiating with the City Health Committee last December. Their decision yesterday to work with us on this issue is not only a triumph for human health, but also for the planet and animal welfare too.” Cape Town’s impressive move follows similar action by the Belgian city of Ghent to reduce meat consumption. Countries around the world, including Australia, Finland, Brazil, Taiwan, Canada and the USA, are adopting their own Meatless Monday campaigns.

But as I got closer to home and looked forward to greeting our recently adopted chickens, I had to acknowledge to myself there was still much left to do. Nonetheless, I thought, with Compassion’s many thousands of supporters across the world, and their enthusiasm and tenacity, I know, together, we will end factory farming one day in the not too distant future. When I got home, I rushed outside, gave each hen a treat to eat and told them so.

Eating less meat saves lives

Tuesday, March 16th, 2010

Reducing meat consumption by 30% could save 18,000 lives from premature heart disease each year according to the UK Government’s chief medical officer. Sir Liam Donaldson is also quoted in the Daily Mail as saying, “Our diet is warming the planet. It is also damaging our health. Changing our diet is difficult, but doing so would both help slow climate change and bring significant health benefits.”

Clearly, the debate around sustainable diets is heating up. As we’ve discussed before, farm animal welfare has an increasingly central part to play in future food policy, especially when it comes to the careful use of limited resources. The global impact of factory farming is huge. An area of land equivalent to the size of the European Union is used to grow feed for farm animals. Yet these crops could provide valuable food directly for the 1 billion people who go to bed hungry each night. On average, to produce 1kg of animal protein requires nearly 6kg of protein in the form of feed grains.

Globally, livestock production is escalating and is predicted to double to 120 billion farm animals a year by mid-Century. Large numbers of animals in small spaces on factory farms can lead to environmental degradation and threats to our health as well as unimaginable animal suffering.

This latest newspaper article adds further fuel to calls for a change in our food system; one that aims to feed people with decent, quality food, sustainably produced.

Fish factory farms exposed

Tuesday, February 23rd, 2010

Congratulations to Jonathan Safran Foer for his article in The Guardian newspaper today exploring fish farming and the serious issues that it raises.

The welfare of farmed fish has long been an interest of mine. In fact, it was the subject of my first ever published report here at Compassion way back in 1992. I remember it provoked quite a reaction from the salmon farming industry at the time and, I’d like to think, raised the profile of this little known area of factory farming. Because that’s what it is; tens of thousands of fish often crammed at high stocking densities into barren cages or pens.

Jonathan’s article makes the link between factory farming on land and the intensive rearing of water-borne animals:

“Factory-farmed chickens, turkeys and cattle all suffer in fundamentally similar ways. So, it turns out, do fish. We tend not to think of fish and land animals in the same way, but “aquaculture” – the intensive rearing of sea animals in confinement – is essentially under-water factory farming.”

Jonathan expands on some of the welfare problems evident in intensive salmon farming:

“The Handbook of Salmon Farming, an industry how-to book, details six “key stressors in the aquaculture environment”: “water quality”, “crowding”, “handling”, “disturbance”, “nutrition” and “hierarchy”. To translate into plain language, those six sources of suffering for salmon are: water so fouled that it makes it hard to breathe; crowding so intense that animals begin to cannibalise one another; handling so invasive that physiological measures of stress are evident a day later; disturbance by farmworkers and wild animals; nutritional deficiencies that weaken the immune system; and the inability to form a stable social hierarchy, resulting in more cannibalisation. These problems are typical. The handbook calls them “integral components of fish farming”.”

Fish farming is growing rapidly worldwide. Some see it as a way of taking the pressure off wild stocks of fish by providing an alternative. However, the reverse is true. When farming carnivorous species, such as salmon and trout, it actually adds to pressure on wild fish populations. This is because it takes over three tonnes of wild-caught fish to produce one tonne of farmed salmon, for example. As with other farm animal species, farmed salmon and trout do not produce protein – they waste it. Simply put, feeding wild fish to farmed fish puts wild fisheries under pressure.

You can find out more about the welfare and environmental issues raised by fish farming on our website including our latest in-depth report by Peter Stevenson and advice to consumers on higher welfare alternatives.

New Year, new era for farming?

Tuesday, January 5th, 2010

You could be forgiven for thinking that the introductory statement for the UK’s Oxford Farming Conference this year was written by Compassion in World Farming:

“Agriculture faces a huge challenge which affects every race and country; how to feed a global population of 9 billion by 2050 with less land, less water, less oil and greater climatic extremes whilst minimising the impact on the environment.”

This year’s conference provides the backdrop for a political debate on the future of food and farming. According to the BBC, UK Environment Minister, Hilary Benn MP plans to unveil the Government’s agriculture strategy to 2030, which includes better information for consumers, tackling waste and carbon emissions. The shadow environment spokesman, Nick Herbert, will reportedly use his conference slot to call for a “new age of agriculture” to include a new supermarket ombudsman to protect the interests of farmers.

The BBC Today programme featured a report looking back at the policies that have shaped farming since the middle of last century. It outlines the folly of a singular focus on producing more food quickly; a focus that we can plainly see has had a huge impact on the environment, food quality and animal welfare.

In our view, any ‘new age’ for agriculture needs to avoid making the mistakes of the past. We need an urgent move away from factory farming, with its reliance on artificial fertilisers, pesticides and intensive animal production. Instead, a humane and sustainable food and farming system is needed, which delivers healthy food for a growing population in ways that minimise environmental damage and animal suffering.

Our recent report, commissioned with Friends of the Earth, shows that this aspiration is both possible and practical. It shows that we do not need factory farming to feed a hungry world in 2050. Indeed, the sustainability of our food system requires us to move to farming methods that are kinder to the environment and the animals.

The report, Eating the planet?, produced by the Institute of Social Ecology in Austria and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, concludes that free range farming can feed the world without swallowing up huge areas of wild lands. It outlines the ultimate win-win scenario: feeding the world’s 2050 population without intensive agriculture is not only good for animal welfare but also “provides environmental benefits such as promoting biodiversity and reducing environmental pollution”.

Please help us spread the word. Please help us ensure that future national and international farming policy helps bring an end to factory farming. Why not download our report and send it to your local MP?

Together we can create a humane and sustainable farming future for the world. Thank you.

Hope in a warming world

Thursday, December 17th, 2009

As I write, the UN climate change summit in Copenhagen (“COP15″) is focusing our attention on global warming. We’re right to be anxious about our future, our children’s and their children’s future, and the environment we’re leaving for them. Nonetheless, here are just five recent developments that give me hope.

ONE: Defra commissioned the Sustainable Development Commission (SDC) to produce a report for government to achieve its objective of a “sustainable, secure and healthy food supply.” The report, Setting the Table: Advice to Government on priority elements of sustainable diets, concluded that

“reducing meat and dairy consumption, reducing consumption of food and drink of low nutritional value and reducing food waste… would have the most significant positive sustainability impact.”

TWO: The SDC message of “less meat and dairy means improved health and stronger environmental protection” is increasingly voiced by some of the world’s most influential people. For example, Paul McCartney took his message of ‘Meatless Mondays’ to a European Parliament conference in Brussels earlier this month and wrote in the Parliament Magazine.

THREE: The less meat message is increasingly part of the global warming debate. For example, Dr Rajendra Pachauri, Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, also spoke with Paul McCartney at the European Parliament conference, “Global Warming and Food Policy: Less Meat = Less Heat.” Dr Pachauri, who was our 2008 Peter Roberts Memorial speaker, said in Brussels, “Cutting meat down to five or six days a week will certainly make a difference.” Dr Pachauri also took the eat less meat message to the Climate Change events in Copenhagen, repeating the message at a huge convention of business leaders and at a conference organised by the Asian Development Bank.

Again, at the European Parliament conference, Paul McCartney read out a statement from former US Vice President Al Gore, which said, “Meatless Mondays is a responsible and welcome component to a strategy for reducing global pollution.”

There is a film of the event with an excellent intervention from Caroline Lucas MEP at 10.56 minutes and my colleague Joyce D’Silva at 11:06:18.  

In addition to Paul McCartney, Dr Rajendra Pachauri and Al Gore, Prince Charles also recently spoke out in support of sustainable agriculture.

“If an industrialised approach to animal husbandry – which increasingly treats animals as machines in an ever more "efficient" system – carries no risk, then why are we seeing e-coli outbreaks in the United States from cattle raised on feedlots, fed on corn (when their stomachs were designed to cope with grass and leaves) and processed in ever-decreasing numbers of abattoirs as big as car factories? If every technological innovation to increase the productive capacity of industrialised animals far beyond what Nature intended is considered safe, then why did the European Union decide to ban antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed after they had been in use for fifty years?”

FOUR: Independent research commissioned for Compassion and Friends of the Earth by the Institute of Social Ecology in Austria and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany and published in our report, Eating the Planet, showed that:

“feeding the world in 2050 is possible without using the most intensive forms of animal and crop production or a massive expansion of land for farming. Also, humane methods of farming animals can provide sufficient food to feed a growing world population. Further, there would be sufficient food for all if rich countries adopt healthier, lower meat-based diets and food is distributed more equally and without further deforestation.”

FIVE: The prestigious medical journal, The Lancet, published a series of articles, The Health Benefits of Tackling Climate Change (PDF), which said that reducing adult consumption of animal products by 30% would lead to a 15% reduction in heart disease in the UK alone. Further, the report stated

“Achieving a substantial cut in greenhouse-gas emissions will depend on reducing the production of food from livestock and on technological improvements in farming. A reduction in consumption of animal source foods could have great benefits for cardiovascular health.”

While the final outcome of COP15 is unknown there can be no denying that these five recent developments indicate that a groundswell of scientific research, public policy and public opinion is steadily moving away from the old regime of factory farming with all of its negative consequences, toward a positive future in which the world is fed with humane and healthy food while simultaneously protecting the environment.  As always, the choice is ours.

We have a choice

Thursday, November 26th, 2009

The publication of our report, “Eating the Planet?,” is generating interest and contributing significantly to the debate about how we’re going to feed the world’s growing population without factory farming.

For example, Joanna Blythman, the investigative food journalist and author, Bad Food Britain and The Food We Eat, wrote in the Scottish Sunday Herald:

“Compassion In World Farming, the impeccably well-informed and thoughtful animal welfare organisation, and Friends Of The Earth, our foremost environmental group, argues that we don’t need to go veggie to feed a booming world population and save the planet from climate change and forest destruction. It says that we can indeed produce enough food for everyone in the world, but only if we are prepared to ditch factory farming for more natural and humane farming methods.”

As the year progresses and the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen approaches, I’m increasingly aware of a significant shift in thinking among policy makers, legislators and the public toward understanding why factory farming is cruel to animals, inefficient in food production and significantly contributes to global warming.

For example, in October Lord Stern, author of the British government’s 2006 review on the Economics of Climate Change, told The Times that “Meat is a wasteful use of water and creates a lot of greenhouse gases. It puts enormous pressure on the world’s resources. A vegetarian diet is better.”

Later that same month, Lester Brown, founder of the WorldWatch Institute and Earth Policy Institute, gave our annual Peter Roberts Memorial Lecture and called for a reduction in meat and dairy consumption to fight climate change. He reaffirmed last year’s speaker, Dr Rajendra Pachauri, Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, who said, “One kilo of beef is responsible for the equivalent of the amount of CO2 emitted by the average European car for every 250 kms.”

And then, in late November, one of the world’s leading medical journals, The Lancet, published a report highlighting the climate change and human health benefits of reducing meat production and consumption by 30%.  Entitled The health benefits of tackling climate change, it said that reducing adult consumption of animal products by 30% would lead to a 15% reduction in heart disease in the UK alone.  I blogged about the growing weight of evidence that less is more, particularly when it comes to livestock products and how this can have huge benefits to animal welfare as well as fighting climate change and public health issues.

Also, we shouldn’t forget that earlier this year Swedish authorities set out draft guidelines calling for people to reduce their carbon footprint by eating less meat and in Ghent, Belgium, residents are encouraged to have meat free Thursdays.

As Joanna Blythman noted:

“In other words, we have a choice. We can continue to breed high-yielding, “efficient”, fast-maturing livestock and fatten them up in no time with profligate quantities of grain that would be better fed to humans – just to produce unprecedented volumes of low-grade industrial meat, while trashing the planet in the process – or we can return to rearing livestock on a much smaller scale, using a traditional, extensive farming approach.”

Yes, we do have a choice. To help others make a choice, please download our new report, Eating the planet?

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